Quick Revision

1. AoP Introduction

a. Why is presentation called an art?

• Requires mindful crafting, creativity, deliberate delivery
• Must be carefully prepared, structured, expressed with excellence
• Uses communication techniques and personal flair
• No single correct way—mastery from basics + personal touches

b. Types of presentation

• Informative: Inform and educate (lectures, data reports)
• Persuasive: Change mindset/action (arguments, emotional appeals)
• Motivational: Inspire attitudes (stories, experiences, TED Talks)
• Instructive: Teach skills/processes (step-by-step, training)

c. Benefits of using different types

• Increases engagement, memory retention, adaptability
• Conveys information from multiple angles
• Stimulates different brain parts
• Aligns message with topic, context, audience

2. Fundamental Concepts

a. Types of communication

• Intrapersonal: Within oneself (thinking, self-reflection)
• Interpersonal: Between individuals (conversations, interviews)
• Public: One speaker to audience (direct/indirect)
• Intercultural: Between cultures (requires cultural understanding)

b. Innards of Communication

• Channel: Medium (natural/electronic)
• Frame of Reference: Receiver's background, perceptions
• Feedback: Receiver's response (understanding/misunderstanding)
• Noise: Internal/external interference

c. Types of noise

• Environmental: External disturbances (loud sounds)
• Physiological: Physical conditions (fatigue, hunger, illness)
• Psychological: Emotional/mental distractions (stress, anxiety)
• Semantic: Unclear/ambiguous words
• Syntactic: Incorrect grammar/unfamiliar structure
• Organizational: Poor structure/random flow
• Social: Cultural/social differences

Stage Fright: Internal noise—nervousness, anxiety, fear of judgment

d. Storytelling: purpose and examples

Purpose: Engagement, memorability, emotional connection, persuasion, clarity Examples: Anecdotes, case studies, testimonials, metaphors

4. Audience Assessment

a. Definition and need

Process of collecting information about audience's needs, values, attitudes, expectations. Why: Speak audience's language, gain trust, clarify messages, connect

b. Demographic information

Age, gender, religion, education, occupation, ethnicity, social class Shapes identities, experiences, motivations, expectations

c. Psychological information

• Attitudes: Favorable/unfavorable responses
• Beliefs: Long-held assumptions
• Values: Core principles
• Knowledge: What audience knows/doesn't know

d. Situational analysis

Factors: audience size, occasion, audience knowledge, interest level Helps adjust content, delivery, examples, visuals

e. Adapting to audience

• Before: Anticipate reactions, interests, doubts
• During: Adjust delivery, timing, methods based on feedback

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