Questions

1 & 2. Mixtures: Definition and Types

• Define mixture and classify types
• Differentiate homogeneous vs heterogeneous mixtures with examples

3. Properties of Elements

• Describe physical vs chemical properties (use Na as example)

4. Isotopes & Atomic Mass Math

• Calculate average atomic mass from isotopic data (e.g., chlorine)

5. Percentage & Mass Calculation

• Compute percent composition by mass
• Given %, compute grams of element in a sample (e.g., H in H₂O)

6. Chemical Formula Names

• Name compounds from formulas (ionic and molecular)
• Provide examples (NaCl, CaO, N₂O₅, CO₂, P₄O₁₀)

7, 9, 10. Equilibrium

• Define chemical equilibrium
• Relate Kc and Kp; use Kp = Kc(RT)^Δn
• Predict shifts (Le Châtelier’s principle)

8. Empirical & Molecular Formulas

• Steps to determine empirical formula from percent composition
• Relate empirical to molecular formula

11. Acid-Base Theories

• Summarize Arrhenius, Brønsted–Lowry, and Lewis theories

12. pH Calculations

• pH and pOH conversions; example calculations

13. Chapter 1 Review

• Summarize everything

14. Elements & Electron Configuration

• Write electron configurations (e.g., Fe)

15. Chemical Bonding (Lewis, Structure, Bond Order, EAN)

• Lewis diagrams and structures
• Bond order (definitions and MOT formula)
• Effective Atomic Number (EAN) with example K₄[Fe(CN)₆]

16. Last Chapter (Colloids)

• Define colloids
• Applications, classifications, and physical properties (Tyndall, Brownian, electrophoresis)